Metadata:
  Identification_Information:
    Citation:
      Citation_Information:
        Originator: USDA-FSA-APFO Aerial Photography Field Office
        Publication_Date: 20100201
        Title: NAIP Digital Ortho Photo Image
        Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image
        Publication_Information:
          Publication_Place: Salt Lake City, Utah
          Publisher:  USDA-FSA-APFO Aerial Photography Field Office
    Description:
      Abstract:
        This data set contains imagery from the National Agriculture
        Imagery Program (NAIP).  NAIP acquires digital ortho imagery
        during the agricultural growing seasons in the continental U.S..
        A primary goal of the NAIP program is to enable availability of
        of ortho imagery within one year of acquisition. NAIP provides
        four main products: 1 meter ground sample distance (GSD) ortho
        imagery rectified to a horizontal accuracy of within +/- 5
        meters of reference digital ortho quarter quads (DOQQ's) from
        the National Digital Ortho Program (NDOP); 2 meter GSD
        ortho imagery rectified to within +/- 10 meters of reference
        DOQQs; 1 meter GSD ortho imagery rectified to within +/- 6
        meters to true ground; and, 2 meter GSD ortho imagery rectified
        to within +/- 10 meters to true ground.  The tiling format of
        NAIP imagery is based on a 3.75' x 3.75' quarter quadrangle
        with a 300 meter buffer on all four sides.  NAIP quarter quads
        are formatted to the UTM coordinate system using NAD83.  NAIP
        imagery may contain as much as 10% cloud cover per tile.
      Purpose:
        NAIP imagery is available for distribution within 60 days
        of the end of a flying season and is intended to provide current
        information of agricultural conditions in support of USDA farm
        programs. For USDA Farm Service Agency, the 1 meter GSD product
        provides an ortho image base for Common Land Unit boundaries and
        other data sets.  The 1 meter NAIP imagery is generally acquired
        in projects covering full states in cooperation with state
        government and other federal agencies who use the imagery for a
        variety of purposes including land use planning and natural
        resource assessment.  With an annual cycle, NAIP is also used
        for disaster response often providing the most current pre-event
        imagery.  While suitable for a variety of uses the 2 meter
        GSD NAIP imagery is primarily intended to assess crop condition
        and compliance to USDA farm program conditions.  The 2
        meter imagery is generally acquired only for agricultural areas
        within state projects.
    Time_Period_of_Content:
      Time_Period_Information:
           Single_Date/Time:
             Calendar_Date: 20090819
      Currentness_Reference: Ground Condition
    Status:
      Progress: Complete
      Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: Irregular
    Spatial_Domain:
      Bounding_Coordinates:
        West_Bounding_Coordinate:  -115.4375
        East_Bounding_Coordinate:  -115.3750
        North_Bounding_Coordinate:  43.1875
        South_Bounding_Coordinate:  43.1250
    Keywords:
      Theme:
        Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
        Theme_Keyword: farming
        Theme_Keyword: Digital Ortho rectified Image
        Theme_Keyword: Ortho Rectification
        Theme_Keyword: Quarter Quadrangle Centered
        Theme_Keyword: NAIP
        Theme_Keyword: Aerial Compliance
        Theme_Keyword: Compliance
      Place:
        Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System
        Place_Keyword: ID
        Place_Keyword: Elmore
        Place_Keyword: 16039
        Place_Keyword: ID039
        Place_Keyword: ELMORE CO ID FSA
        Place_Keyword: 4311553
        Place_Keyword: BENNETT MOUNTAIN, SE
        Place_Keyword: BENNETT MOUNTAIN
    Access_Constraints: There are no limitations for access.
    Use_Constraints:
      Imagery may be replaced to address defects found in a
      small number of products through quality assurance
      processes.  Imagery containing defects that require
      the acquisition of new imagery, such as excessive
      cloud cover, specular reflectance, etc., will not be
      replaced within a NAIP project year.
    Point_of_Contact:
      Contact_Information:
        Contact_Organization_Primary:
          Contact_Organization: Aerial Photography Field Office (APFO)
        Contact_Address:
          Address_Type: mailing and physical address
          Address: 2222 West 2300 South
          City: Salt Lake City
          State_or_Province: Utah
          Postal_Code: 84119-2020
          Country: USA
        Contact_Voice_Telephone: 801-844-2922
        Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 801-956-3653
        Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: apfo.sales@slc.usda.gov
    Browse_Graphic:
      Browse_Graphic_File_Name: None
      Browse_Graphic_File_Description: None
      Browse_Graphic_File_Type: None
    Native_Data_Set_Environment: Unknown
  Data_Quality_Information:
    Logical_Consistency_Report:
      NAIP 3.75 minute tile file names are based
      on the USGS quadrangle naming convention.
    Completeness_Report: None
    Positional_Accuracy:
      Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
        Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
          FSA Digital Orthophoto Specs.
    Lineage:
      Source_Information:
        Source_Citation:
          Citation_Information:
            Originator: USDA-FSA-APFO Aerial Photography Field Office
            Publication_Date: 20100201
            Title: BENNETT MOUNTAIN, SE
            Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image
        Type_of_Source_Media: UnKnown
        Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
          Time_Period_Information:
            Single_Date/Time:
              Calendar_Date: 20090819
          Source_Currentness_Reference:
            Aerial Photography Date for aerial photo source.
        Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Georectifed Image
        Source_Contribution: Digital Georectifed Image.

      Process_Step:
        Process_Description:
          Flight planning was performed in IGIPlan from IGI.  A 500m
          reduced resolution NED DEM file was used to determine ground
          heights.  Altitudes averaging 35,000 feet MSL (mean sea level)
          were used in the flight plan.A minimum forward overlap of 60%
          and minimum side overlap of 35% were used.  No ground elevation
          in the project area resulted in source pixel dimensions greater
          than 1.05m or less than 0.5m.  Cessna Conquest aircraft were
          used for acquisition.  The aircraft AGL was nominally 30,000
          feet above ground. Three Intergraph Digital Mapping Camera (DMC)
          systems where utilized in the data capture. The DMC is a digital
          frame camera that produces a central perspective image with a
          nominal focal length of 120mm projecting an image on a virtual
          CCD measuring 13,824 by 7,680 pixels.  The pixels are 12um by
          12 um.  Images from four panchromatic cameras modules, each with
          a 120mm lens projecting an image on a 7,168 by 4,096 CCD, are
          assembled to create the virtual frame.  Images captured
          simultaneously from four 3,072 by 2,048 pixel multispectral (MS)
          cameras with 30mm lenses produce red, green, blue and near
          infrared images.   These MS images are matched to the Pan
          virtual image using the Post Processing Software from Intergraph.
          All DMC systems used for capture have been calibrated by the
          manufacturer.  The calibration includes measuring the
          radiometric and geometric properties of each camera.  These
          data are used in the Post Processing Software to eliminate the
          radiometric and geometric distortion.  The raw captured pixel
          resolution of the panchromatic virtual frame averages 0.92m
          across the project area depending on terrain height.  Each pixel
          is assigned a 12 bit digital number (DN) by the analog to digital
          conversion performed after each exposure. Each pixel is resampled
          during orthorectification to an output resolution of 1m at a
          bit depth of 8 for each image band.  Four bands of data were
          captured for each image; Blue: 400-580 nm, Green: 500-650 nm,
          Red: 590-675 nm and Near infrared: 675-850 nm.  The final
          product may only include the RGB data.  All aerial imagery was
          collected with associated GPS data.  When possible most imagery
          will also include IMU data collection.   GPS/IMU data were
          captured with either an Applanix POS 510 system or IGI AEROControl.
          The GPS data was utilized to control the aerial triangulation
          process.  All imagery was processed through an aerial
          triangulation in which the airborne GPS data was constrained
          to expected limits.  Analysis was performed to assure that all
          image frames fit within a strip and between strips by evaluating
          the image and airborne GPS residuals.  The final adjustments
          assure a high quality relative adjustment and a high quality
          absolute adjustment limited to the airborne GPS data accuracy.
          This process assures the final absolute accuracy of all
          geopositioned imagery.  Both signalized and photo identified
          ground control were used to QC and control the IMU/GPS based
          aerial triangulation bundle block solution.  For each project
          area the latest NED was downloaded from the USGS National Map
          Seamless Serve website,
           http://seamless.usgs.gov/website/seamless/viewer.htm,
          in June 2009.  30 Meter NED was used in all cases.  30 meter
          post spacing was preferred over the available 10 meter spacing
          to minimize image smearing and distortions that are exacerbated
          by a finer, but not more accurate DEM.  A visual inspection
          of the NED using color cycled classification by elevation and
          a shaded relief was performed to check for gaps, corruption and
          gross errors.  When available the NED was compared to known
          higher quality elevation sources to detect flaws. Between 20-60
          construction points per frame derived from conjugant image
          measurements performed during aerial triangulation were
          projected to the NED.  The predicted horizontal error for each
          point was added as an attribute in the SURDEX enterprise database.
          An operator reviews ortho seams in areas these predicted errors
          indicate horizontal error in excess of the contract
          specifications.  Any imagery errors introduced by source NED
          required patching from an alternate DEM or frame of photography
          with a different perspective.  Hardware used included the DMC,
          various brands of L1/L2 Survey grade GPS receivers, various
          brands and models of computers, RAID5 storage, solid state
          storage, NEC brand calibrated monitors, various brands of
          monitor calibration colorimeters.  Software included Intergraph
          Post Processing Software (PPS) to handle camera raw images
          processed to virtual frame panchromatic images and four band
          multispectral images.  SURDEX software was used to color
          correct and remove bidirectional reflectance, vignetting and
          other illumination trends.  USDA APFO Image Metrics are
          measured and images corrected to conform to the Image Metrics
          using SURDEX software.  SURDEX software was then used to fuse
          the high resolution pan with the lower resolution multispectral
          image.  This image was upsampled to match the pan resolution
          using bilinear interpolation and converted to a high
          resolution image via the Brovey Transform. GPS/IMU data was
          reduced to projected coordinates in the appropriate UTM zone
          using the Applanix or IGI office software. Aerial
          Triangulation was performed using Intergraph ImageStation
          Automatic Triangulation (ISAT), ImageStation Digital
          Mensuration (ISDM) and Photo-T bundle adjustment.  SURDEX
          software was used to determine the weak points in the AT 
          construction point distribution.  SURDEX software was used
          to orthorectify the images.  SURDEX software was used to
          compare overlapping orthoimages and correct for minor
          radiometric variation between adjacent images.  SURDEX
          software was used to calculate the optimal seam path, check
          seam topology and create master tiles.  SURDEX ortho software
          generates occlusion/smear polygons used during seam review
          to cut in the best view of steep terrain.  SURDEX software
          was used to visually inspect master tiles for seam and image
          defects.  SURDEX software was used to project and cut final
          DOQQ image files from masters.  SURDEX software was used to
          perform final formatting, QC and naming of the DOQQ.  Various
          versions of Microsoft Windows were used in all phases of
          production.  For Radiometry, SURDEX Grouping Tool was used to
          display large groups of images, display individual and group
          histograms, and develop color correction parameters to adjust
          image DN.  Grouping Tool provides real-time updates of the USDA
          APFO Image Metrics.  The image technician adjusts image
          correction parameters to bring the radiometric characteristics
          of large groups of raw images within the Image Metrics ranges.
          Grouping Tool was used again after DOQQ production to provide
          a quality assurance check.  Individual DOQQ may not meet the
          USDA APFO Image Metrics ranges due to land cover.  The goal is
          to have the state as a whole meet the Image Metrics. To validate
          the accuracy of the block adjustment derived from GPS, IMU,
          camera parameters and conjugate point measurements photo
          identifiable ground control points will be surveyed within
          each State.  In Idaho, 55 survey control points were utilized.
          These points were surveyed by GPS techniques to produce
          coordinates that are accurate to +/- 0.25 meters RMSE in X,Y,Z.
          The GPS surveying techniques utilized will assure that the
          coordinates are derived in the required project datum and
          relative to an approved National Reference System like OPUS.
          An accuracy report was generated to document the point locations,
          their description, the final adjusted values and the derived
          positional accuracy.   The field surveying techniques may
          consist of static OPUS observations, static GPS observations,
          real time differential GPS observations and VRS observations.  
          The control points were measured on multiple photographs,
          initially solved as check points and the bundle was rerun
          including all points as control.  After the checkpoint run
          the residual errors were reviewed to determine the quality
          of the solution with only GPS and IMU based initial exterior
          orientation.  If the block does not fit the control points
          within specifications the pass and tie points were reviewed
          for blunders and weak areas.  If, after these corrections
          were made, the block still does not fit the control well the
          GPS and IMU processing were reviewed.  Once the block has
          proper statistics and fits the control to specifications the
          final bundle adjustment was made.  SURDEX software was used
          to predict the horizontal error that results from DEM error
          using AT construction points projected to the NED ground
          elevation.  As AT points are frequently on man-made and
          other vertical features not included in the DEM these ortho
          points can only be used to indicate regions of error by the
          clusters of points that predict excessive horizontal displacement.  
          If these areas were found the source of the error was
          corrected and the DOQQ were recreated.  All reliable survey
          control points were remeasured in the final DOQQ to ensure
          the 6m CE95 absolute accuracy was met. All products are
          reviewed by independent personnel prior to delivery.  The
          delivery is checked for omissions, commissions, naming,
          formatting, specification compliance and data integrity
        Process_Date: 20100201
  Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
    Indirect_Spatial_Reference: Elmore County, ID
    Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster
    Raster_Object_Information:
      Raster_Object_Type: Pixel
      Row_Count: 1
      Column_Count: 1
  Spatial_Reference_Information:
    Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
      Planar:
        Grid_Coordinate_System:
          Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator
          Universal_Transverse_Mercator:
            UTM_Zone_Number: 11
            Transverse_Mercator:
              Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.9996
              Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -117.0
              Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.0
              False_Easting: 500000
              False_Northing: 0.0
        Planar_Coordinate_Information:
          Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column
          Coordinate_Representation:
            Abscissa_Resolution: 1
            Ordinate_Resolution: 1
          Planar_Distance_Units: meters
      Geodetic_Model:
        Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1983
        Ellipsoid_Name: Geodetic Reference System 80 (GRS 80)
        Semi-major_Axis: 6378137
        Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257
  Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
    Overview_Description:
      Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
        32-bit pixels, 4 band color(RGBIR) values 0 - 255
      Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: None
  Distribution_Information:
    Distributor:
      Contact_Information:
        Contact_Person_Primary:
          Contact_Person: Supervisor Customer Services Section
          Contact_Organization:
            USDA-FSA-APFO Aerial Photography Field Office
        Contact_Address:
          Address_Type: mailing and physical address
          Address: 2222 West 2300 South
          City: Salt Lake City
          State_or_Province: Utah
          Postal_Code: 84119-2020
          Country: USA
        Contact_Voice_Telephone: 801-844-2922
        Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 801-956-3653
        Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: apfo.sales@slc.usda.gov
    Distribution_Liability:
      In no event shall the creators, custodians, or distributors
      of this information be liable for any damages arising out
      of its use (or the inability to use it).
    Standard_Order_Process:
      Digital_Form:
        Digital_Transfer_Information:
          Format_Name: GeoTIFF - Georeferenced Tagged Image File Format
          Format_Information_Content: Multispectral 4-band
        Digital_Transfer_Option:
          Offline_Option:
            Offline_Media: CD-ROM
            Recording_Format: ISO 9660 Mode 1 Level 2 Extensions
      Fees:
        Contact the Aerial Photography Field Office
        for more information
    Resource_Description:
      m_4311553_se_11_1_20090819_20090929.tif
  Metadata_Reference_Information:
    Metadata_Date: 20100201
    Metadata_Contact:
      Contact_Information:
        Contact_Organization_Primary:
          Contact_Organization:
            USDA-FSA-APFO Aerial Photography Field Office
        Contact_Address:
          Address_Type: mailing and physical address
          Address: 2222 West 2300 South
          City: Salt Lake City
          State_or_Province: Utah
          Postal_Code: 84119-2020
          Country: USA
        Contact_Voice_Telephone: 801-844-2922
    Metadata_Standard_Name:
      Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
    Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998

